After accounting for the compressed volume loss on a stable adult patient receiving vol-ume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation at a preset volume of 500 ml, you still note a 150-ml difference between the expected and the actual delivered volume
Which of the following is most likely causing this problem?
a. Gas absorption across the alveolar mem-brane
b. Increase in the respiratory quotient
c. Bronchopleural fistula or pneumothorax
d. Leak in the patient-ventilator system
ANS: D
An additional factor that can cause a patient to receive less volume than the ventilator delivers is a leak.
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