A true experiment allows the establishment of nonspuriousness through ______.
A. using two comparison groups
B. controlling when treatment occurs
C. random assignment into two or more comparison groups
D. documenting the conditions under which change occurs
C. random assignment into two or more comparison groups
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Concerned by the overcrowding in prisons, federal judges issued orders in the 1990s calling for either immediate improvement or the release of people being held in conditions that violate the ________ Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual
punishment. A. Fifth B. Eighth C. Second D. Sixth E. First
Darfur is one of the more successful examples of humanitarian intervention.
The concept of defense burden illustrates that
A) economic strength often means that countries can afford to outsource their military capabilities to others. B) it is often the states who are least able to afford spending on military that end up spending the most on it. C) only states in active conflicts will spend heavily on military strength. D) sometimes the best decision a country can make is to get rid of their military, like Switzerland and Japan. E) the larger the state, the larger the military.
When participants don't finish a study, it is called B) internal validity
A) testing. C) experimental mortality. D) history.