The nurse monitoring a client load for risks of acute renal failure (ARF) understands that older clients are more susceptible to ARF because (Select all that apply)
a. cardiac contractile function and kidney perfusion diminish with age.
b. medication use is generally lower in this age group.
c. of a higher probability of pre-existing renal damage.
d. older adults have more difficulty with fluid balance in general.
e. the ability to retain sodium declines with age.
A, C, D, E
There are several reasons why older clients are at increased risk of ARF, including options a, c, d, and e. Older clients also have more difficulty concentrating urine. Elderly clients in general take more medications that do clients in other age groups.
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The most significant mental losses due to normal aging include
1. depression. 2. slower response times. 3. improved short-term memory. 4. decreased levels of tolerance.
A child had an aortic stenosis defect surgically repaired 6 months ago. Which antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for an upcoming tonsillectomy?
a. No antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary. b. Amoxicillin is taken orally 1 hour before the procedure. c. Oral penicillin is given for 7 to 10 days before the procedure. d. Parenteral antibiotics are administered for 5 to 7 days after the procedure.
During the progressive stage of shock, lactic acidosis occurs, resulting in
a. arterial pooling in the periphery. b. constriction of the microcirculation. c. increased capillary permeability. d. movement of fluid into the capillaries.
The nurse is planning to assess an adult patient with a neurological problem for abnormal posturing. For what postures should the nurse specifically assess?
Select all that apply. 1. decorticate 2. decerebrate 3. circumduction 4. festinating 5. nystagmus