For most terrestrial ecosystems, pyramids composed of species abundances, biomass, and energy are similar in that they have a broad base and a narrow top. The primary reason for this pattern is that _____
A) secondary consumers and top carnivores require less energy than producers
B) at each step, energy is lost from the system
C) as matter passes through ecosystems, some of it is lost to the environment
D) biomagnification of toxic materials limits the secondary consumers and top carnivores
E) top carnivores and secondary consumers have a more general diet than primary producers
Answer: B
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Homologous chromosomes ____
a. are found in somatic cells and gametes b. align along the equatorial plane during metaphase II c. are replicated during interkinesis d. contain a maternal and paternal chromosome e. are preserved in each daughter cell produced by meiosis
In lactate fermentation, ____ is converted into lactate
a. pyruvate b. acetaldehyde c. ethanol d. glucose e. NADH
A paracentric inversion heterozygote contains a normal chromosome with the long-arm gene order GENE and an inverted chromosome with the long-arm gene order GNEE. They form an inversion loop to pair during prophase I of meiosis
If a single crossover occurs between the G and the E segments of the loop, what will be the gene orders in the resulting recombinant dicentric chromosome and acentric fragment? Assume crossing over occurs at the four-strand stage involving two nonsister chromatids.
The ABO blood types are an example of ____.
A. pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance B. multiple alleles and continuous variation C. incomplete dominance D. codominance and epistasis E. multiple alleles and codominance