Describe danger invulnerability and psychological invulnerability.
What will be an ideal response?
Some researchers have questioned the view that invulnerability is a unitary concept and argued rather that it consists of two dimensions. Danger invulnerability involves adolescents' sense of indestructibility and tendency to take on physical risks (driving recklessly at high speeds, for example). Psychological invulnerability captures an adolescent's felt invulnerability related to personal or psychological distress (getting one's feelings hurt, for example).
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Suppose that Oksana is driving in a car to a friend's house. As she pulls into the friend's driveway, she sees that the odometer shows the number 2222.2 miles
She says to herself, "This number is weird...something really unusual is going to happen today when I am with my friend." This reaction would be an example of a. the consistency bias. b. the law of large numbers. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic.
Felipe always drives over the speed limit, and he never wears a seat belt. When Felipe's mom tells him that he should be more careful, he responds by saying, "I am not going to have an accident." Although statistics show that people in Felipe's age group are more likely to get into a car accident, Felipe believes nothing bad will happen to him. This is an example of
A. self-serving bias. B. unrealistic optimism. C. a self-fulfilling prophecy. D. personal attribution.
On fixed schedules of reinforcement, once the pause following reinforcement has ended,
a. responding resumes but is very slow. b. responding resumes and is uniform. c. responding is sporadic until the next reinforcer is produced. d. a certain amount of time must pass before the next reinforcer is produced. e. a certain number of responses must occur before the next reinforcer is produced.
As children improve their ability to inhibit responses to irrelevant stimuli, they improve their ability to sustain ________
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.