A patient is diagnosed with valvular heart disease after having strep throat. The nurse would explain that this condition is the result of which pathophysiology?
1. Molecular mimicry
2. Release of hidden antigens into the circulation
3. Biologic changes that caused self-antigens to produce autoantibodies
4. An autoimmune response by slow-growing mycobacteria
1
Rationale 1: The introduction of an antigen whose properties closely resemble those of host tissue stimulates the production of antibodies that target not only the foreign antigen but also normal tissue. This is known as molecular mimicry. Heart damage after upper respiratory infection is an example of the development of antibodies against normal tissue.
Rationale 2: Hidden antigens are not the cause of this valvular damage.
Rationale 3: In this instance, antigens are attacking self-cells because they look like foreign cells.
Rationale 4: Mycobacteria are not involved in this process.
You might also like to view...
A woman in her ninth month of pregnancy is in the ICU, recovering from surgery to remove a stage 1 tumor from her brain. She is still under the effects of general anesthesia
As the nurse is taking her vital signs, the woman regurgitates some fluid from her mouth. What is the most likely cause of the regurgitation? A) Esophageal cancer B) Displacement of the esophageal sphincter C) Airway obstruction D) Congenital defect of the esophagus
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to oxygen therapy. Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistulae (EA/TEF)
Which of the following explanations should the care team provide to the infant's parents? A) "We will have to perform surgery to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to swallow and breathe normally." B) "This problem will require respiratory therapy and supplementary feeding, but it will likely resolve itself over time." C) "The biggest risk that your daughter will face until this is fixed is the danger of malnutrition and dehydration." D) "The priority in our immediate treatment prior to her surgery will be pain management, as the contents of her stomach can burn her lungs."
When applying medication to the face the nurse should:
a. begin with an upward motion under the eyes. b. start with the forehead, using horizontal strokes. c. apply to the cheeks in an upward motion. d. use only emollient medications on the face.
Which of the following is a malignant tumor arising from pigment-producing cells of the skin?
A. Nevus B. Melanoma C. Adenocarcinoma D. Lymphosarcoma