In a classic experiment, Tolman exposed a group of rats to a maze for 11 days before he introduced a food reward. The rats outperformed rats that had been given daily food rewards. This demonstrates __________
a) latent learning.
b) classical conditioning.
c) operant conditioning.
d) observational learning.
a
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Parents are more likely to abuse
a. children who are already in pain. b. first-born children. c. full-term infants. d. older children.
Which of the following is the best example of behavior that is motivated by cognitive factors?
A. Kathy starts smoking cigarettes because all of her friends have started doing so. B. Thrupti drinks a large glass of water after a softball game. C. Norm punches a wall after his girlfriend breaks up with him. D. Yoon drops out of school because she has doubts about her academic ability.
What is the most likely reason why Freud's ideas have not been supported by data from other cultures?
A. Freud's emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts is not compatible with the views of nearly all cultures. B. Many cultures do not conduct research on the impact of the unconscious on behavior. C. His theories do not consider collectivist cultures in which the group is more important than the individual. D. Most cultures place less importance on the influence of childhood experiences on adult mental health.
Oscar, a pilot, will most likely show
A) more age-related declines in inhibition. B) fewer age-related declines in processing speed. C) smaller age-related attentional declines. D) better selective attention at age 45 than at age 25.