Explain how the F0 complex of ATP synthase harnesses the proton-motive force to help synthesize ATP. What would happen if the proton gradient were reversed?
What will be an ideal response?
Protons flow through a channel that exists between the subunits of the transmembrane H+ carrier, which forms a ring (the rotor). The flow of protons through this carrier makes the rotor and its attached stalk rotate. As the stalk rotates, it rubs against proteins in the stationary F1 portion of the ATP synthase. The resulting mechanical deformation produces a conformational change in the subunits of the F1 ATPase that causes them to produce ATP. When the proton gradient is reversed, the F1 portion of the ATP synthase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi, rather than the revers reaction of ATP synthesis; this causes protons to be pumped out of the matrix against their electrochemical gradient, as the rotor and its stalk rotate in the direction opposite to that involved in ATP synthesis.
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What flower part is the female reproductive organ?
A) anther B) stamen C) carpel D) petal
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__________________ Indicate whether the statement is true or false.