A nurse is describing the multicausal perspective of mental health and illness to the parents of a child recently diagnosed with a spectrum disorder. Which statement would the nurse utilize when describing this approach?
1. Exposure to drugs and alcohol has been associated with psychiatric disorders.
2. The feedback mechanism appears dysfunctional, creating neurotoxic effects on brain development and function.
3. The child's genetically determined attributes and life experiences interact to influence mental health outcomes.
4. Early psychological trauma may create deficits or abnormalities in brain structure.
3
Rationale: The child's genetically determined attributes and life experiences interacting to influence mental health outcomes explains the perspective of the multicausal model of mental health and illness. Discussing feedback mechanism dysfunction would provide a partial explanation of neuroendocrine reactivity. Discussing the effects of early psychological trauma on brain structure partially explains nervous system responsiveness. Discussing the association of exposure to drugs and alcohol to psychiatric disorders partially explains complications occurring during the perinatal period as a cause of some mental illnesses.
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