The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient's urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when
a. creatinine levels in the urine are similar to blood levels of creatinine.
b. sodium and chloride are found in the urine.
c. urine uric acid levels have the same values as serum levels.
d. red blood cells and albumin are found in the urine.
D
Normal glomerular filtrate is basically protein free and contains electrolytes, including sodium, chloride, and phosphate, and nitrogenous waste products, such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid, in amounts similar to those in plasma. Red blood cells, albumin, and globulin are too large to pass through the healthy glomerular membrane. Their presence in urine may indicate glomerular damage.
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A nurse is assessing the fontanels of a crying newborn and notes that the posterior fontanel pulsates and briefly bulges. What do these findings indicate?
A) Increased intracranial pressure B) Overhydration C) Dehydration D) These are normal findings.
A family has been told that their child may have autism spectrum disorder. The nurse explains that this diagnosis is made by which method?
1. A blood test for increased levels of catecholamines 2. Observations of behaviors and developmental patterns 3. CT scan of the brain 4. PET scan of the forebrain
A patient who has a viral upper respiratory infection reports having a runny nose and a cough that prevents sleep and asks the nurse to recommend an over-the-counter medication. Which me-dication will the nurse recommend?
a. Diphenhydramine [Benadryl] b. Fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine [Alle-gra-D] c. Guaifenesin [Mucinex] d. Phenylephrine drops
Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of cluster headaches?
a. Preheadache aura b. Severe unilateral tearing c. Gradual onset of a tight band around the head d. Significant unilateral, temporal pain e. Pain lasting from 30 to 120 minutes