Which of the following elements is key to the framework for practice in Martha Roger's theory?
a. Human becoming
b. Manipulation of the client's environment
c. Seven categories of behaviour and behavioural balance
d. Focus upon the life process of a human being along a time-space continuum
D
The framework for practice, according to Martha Roger's theory, is presenting the client of nursing not simply as a person, but as an energy field in constant interaction with the environ-ment, which itself was also an irreducible energy field, coextensive with the universe. Nursing's role was to focus upon the life process of a human being along a time-space continuum.
Rosemarie Parse's theory of "human becoming" (1997) viewed the individual as a unitary being who is "indivisible, unpredictable, and ever-changing" and "a freely choosing being who can be recognized through paradoxical patterns co-created all-at-once in mutual process with the uni-verse."
Nightingale's theory includes manipulation of the client's environment (i.e., appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, and hope) in the framework for practice.
Johnson's theory includes seven categories of behaviour and behavioural balance in the frame-work for practice.
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