Which statement illustrates a causal hypothesis?
a. ?Students who get more sleep do better on tests.
b. ?The amount of alcohol consumed will influence the ability to walk a straight line.
c. ?There is a relationship between the number of hot dogs people eat and their rate of cancer.
d. ?Shorter men tend to have higher incomes than taller men.
ANSWER:
b
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Which of the following exemplifies the "I" in the W.I.d.e. guide to social comparisons?
A. the people to whom you compare yourself B. the interpretation we make from our comparison C. the feeling we derive from the comparison D. how we protect our self-esteem during the comparison
A team of researchers set out to study aggressive behavior in preschool children in two different play settings, one where only large playground equipment was present and another where only small toys were present. Aggressive behavior was defined as arguing, taking toys by force, and fighting. The researchers hypothesized that the large playground equipment would produce more sharing, whereas the
small toys would produce more aggression, due to the nature of the toys. To test their hypothesis, the researchers created two groups of children, one for each play area. More aggressive behavior was observed in the small-toy play area. (a) What research methods and techniques were employed? (b) What procedures might have been employed to ensure accuracy in the observing of aggressive behavior? (c) Can we say for sure that the small toys caused aggressive behavior? What will be an ideal response?
Why is it important to make sure that different participant groups are roughly equivalent in terms of personal characteristics (e.g., age, gender) before any independent variable is introduced?
a. Because it is important to treat all research participants equally so that they feel that they are not being manipulated. b. Because research ethics forbid any experiment to take place when the participant groups are fundamentally different from each other. c. So that no major differences between the groups unduly bias the results of the experiment. d. Because it threatens the integrity of a within-group experimental design.
A child was walking down the street with his mother and called the black top "tarmacs." Presumably, he added the "s" because it was a long road. What does this reveal about how children learn language?
What will be an ideal response?