Describe the operation of an automobile internal combustion engine in terms of the Otto cycle
What will be an ideal response?
The gas (gasoline-air mixture) enters the cylinder and is compressed adiabatically (compression stroke). After the ignition occurs (spark plug), burning of the gas adds heat to the system at constant volume. The temperature and pressure rise, and then in the power stroke, the gas expands adiabatically. In the exhaust stroke, heat is ejected to the environment (in a real engine, the gas leaves the engine and is replaced by a new mixture of air and fuel).
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What does enriching uranium do?
a. Increases the percentage of radioactive uranium-235 and thus improves the probability of chain reactions. b. Increases the percentage of uranium-238 and thus improves the probability of chain reactions. c. Increases the fraction of the material that consists of plutonium. d. Increases the percentage of neutrons in the bombardment beam that attempts to set off a chain reaction. e. Increases the speed at which uranium decays into lead, i.e., decreases the half-life.
According to optimistic estimates, the end of habitability of Earth will come about
A) a few hundred thousand years from now B) a billion years from now C) 3 to 4 billion years from now D) 100 million years from now
An airplane is flying in horizontal flight at a constant velocity. The weight of the airplane is 40,000 N. The wings produce a lift force that is perpendicular to the wings and a drag force that is parallel to the wing. The engine produces a forward thrust force of 2,000 N. Which of the following statements is true?
A. the net force on the airplane is zero B. the net force on the airplane is forward C. the net force on the airplane is upward D. the net force on the airplane is downward E. the net force on the airplane is backward
How do we most accurately measure the distance to the Moon?
A. We measure the lunar period and use Kepler's Third Law. B. We measure its angular size and compare it to its actual diameter, which gives us its distance. C. We bounce a pulse of light off the lunar surface and measure how long the trip takes. D. We know how long it took Apollo astronauts to get there, and how fast the rocket traveled. E. All of these choices provide equally accurate measurements.