What are the three parenting styles according to Baumrind? Describe an effect of each style
What will be an ideal response?
Authoritarian parents attempt to shape, control, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct, usually an absolute standard that comes from religious or respected authorities. For these parents, obedience is a virtue, and they punish and use harsh discipline to keep the adolescent in line with their rules.
Authoritative parents attempt to direct their children's activities in a rational and intelligent way. They are supportive, loving, and committed, encourage verbal give and-take, and discuss their rules and policies with their children. Authoritative parents value being expressive and independent but are also demanding. The children of such parents tend to be competent. In addition, girls are achievement-oriented and boys are friendly and cooperative.
Permissive parents are less controlling and behave with a nonpunishing and accepting attitude toward their children's impulses, desires, and actions; they consult with their children about policy decisions, make few demands, and use reason rather than direct power. Girls with such parents are less socially assertive, and both boys and girls are less achievement-oriented.
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Based on the research of Todorov and others (2008), which facial expression will be perceived as most trustworthy?
a. U-shaped mouth with raised eyebrows b. U-shaped mouth with eyebrows forming a V c. mouth curled down with raised eyebrows d. mouth curled down with eyebrows forming a V
Nightmares occur during a. Stages 1 or 2 NREM sleep
b. Stages 3 or 4 NREM sleep. c. REM sleep. d. the time immediately after awakening.
When health warnings regarding cigarette smoking include pictures of aged, wrinkled skin, yellow-brown teeth and definite risks to appearance in addition to lung cancer, students are more likely to
a. increase their smoking habit. c. decrease their smoking habit. b. ignore the warnings. d. none of these.
What do studies on emotional expression indicate about the differences between Chinese and Western individuals?
A. Chinese individuals commonly use emotional suppression, but do not experience the same negative correlations as Westerners. B. Chinese individuals commonly use emotional expression and experience the same positive correlations as Westerners. C. Chinese individuals seldom use emotional suppression, and experience positive correlations with other life factors as a result. D. Chinese individuals seldom use emotional expression, but do not experience negative or positive correlations with other life factors.