Quasi-experimental research requires the use of a comparison group
A) True
B) False
B
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The nurse is providing care to a client according to a protocol. Protocols were established:
a. during the Civil War. b. after the Crimean War. c. in 1912 by the Chicago Visiting Nurses Association. d. in 1933 by the American Hospital Association.
Reward power and coercive power are commonly used to influence others. The effective use of rewards for staff nurses is all of the following except:
a. increased salary for obtaining the next rung on the clinical ladder. b. formal recognition before one's nursing peers at an awards ceremony. c. one additional paid day off for each year you are with the organization. d. increased workload for displaying excellence in patient care outcomes.
A patient whose schizophrenia has been refractory to treatment with other medications has been placed on clozapine (Clozaril). The priority discharge teaching should include:
a. Keep salt intake the same from day to day. b. Maintain a strict tyramine-free daily diet. c. Report for weekly blood tests for CBC level. d. Use sunblocking agents when out of doors.
K.D. is a 56-year-old gay professional man who has been human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected
for 6 years. He had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with Combivir (zidovudine and lamivudine) and nelfinavir (Viracept). He stopped taking his medications 6 months ago because of depression. The appearance of purplish spots on his neck and arms persuaded him to make an appointment with his physician. At the physician's office, K.D. stated he had been feeling fatigued for several months and was experiencing occasional night sweats. He also related he had been working long hours, skipping meals, and was stressed over a project at work. Other than the purplish spots, the remainder of K.D.'s physical examination findings were within normal limits. The doctor took three skin biopsy specimens and ordered a chest x-ray examination, a complete blood count (CBC), lymphocyte studies including CD4 T-cell count, an ultrasensitive viral load, a cytomegalovirus (CMV) assay, and a tuberculin test. Over the next week, K.D. developed a nonproductive cough and increasing dyspnea. Last night, he developed a fever of 102 ° F and was acutely short of breath, so his roommate brought him to the emergency department. He was admitted to the medical unit with probable Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), which was confirmed with bronchoalveolar lavage examination under light microscopy. K.D.'s admission white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte studies demonstrate an increased pattern of immunodeficiency compared with earlier studies. K.D. is on nasal oxygen, intravenous (IV) fluids, and IV trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). His current vital signs (VS) are 138/86, 100, 30, 100.8° F (38.2° C) and Spo2 92%. What is PJP?