Draw a flow chart that shows the components of the reflex in which an increase in blood PCO2 leads to increased ventilation.
What will be an ideal response?
Peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies detect changes in PCO2 and pH. Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata monitor CO2 in CSF. Either an increase in PCO2 or decrease in pH will stimulate the receptors, which project to a control center in the medulla oblongata. The control center stimulates somatic motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles involved in ventilation. The effect is increased ventilation, which lowers PCO2 by eliminating CO2, so blood pH increases because of this shift. See Figure 18.17 in the chapter.
You might also like to view...
Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?
A. desmosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. lysosomes D. microtubules E. cilia
Enzymes from the ________ do most of the digestive work in the small intestine.
A) pancreas B) liver C) gallbladder D) stomach E) large intestine
The erector spinae muscles disappear at the level of the
A. umbilicus. B. crest. C. superior sacrum. D. inferior sacrum.
The ________ membrane represents the connection between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
A. thoracic B. alveolar-capillary C. upper-lower D. tracheal