In operant conditioning, reinforcement is ____
a. any food that the organism likes
b. a stimulus that produces a reflexive response
c. an event that decreases the future probability of a response
d. an event that increases the future probability of a response
d
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Learning theory explanations for school refusal include all of the following EXCEPT
a. the influence of unconscious desires of the id. b. consequences of staying at home versus going to school. c. the positive reinforcement for staying at home provided by a mother. d. a child seeing another child who became very anxious at school.
Nancy has anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type. What is one complication from purging?
a. bone loss b. irregular heart rate c. low blood pressure d. enlarged salivary glands
Which one of the following is a major criticism of achievement tests?
a. They only use one type of comparison group. b. They only measure what has been learned in school. c. They are highly correlated with IQ tests. d. The questions are often tricky.
What do we know for sure about culture and individuals?
a. Cultures and individuals constantly interact with each other. b. Culture shapes individuals, while individuals have no influence on the culture. c. Individuals shape culture, but culture has no impact on individuals. d. Individuals and culture are completely separate and have no impact on each other.