This type of robbery occurs in small- to medium-size banking locations where there are few employees:
a. Take over
b. Stickup
c. Morning glory
d. Closing time
c
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CASE 15.2 Criminal appeals are generally routine because they seldom raise meritorious issues (Primus, 2007; Wold & Caldeira, 1980). Current standards of effective assistance of counsel often force lawyers to appeal, no matter how slight the odds of appellate court reversal. As a result, a significant number of criminal appeals lack substantial merit. For example, of the roughly 10,000 written dispositions in criminal appeals filed by defendants in the California Court of Appeals between 2013 and 2014, the court reversed only about 880 (9 percent) convictions (Judicial Council of California, 2015). Why do criminal appeals rarely succeed? First, the appellate standards of review applicable to most decision-making during criminal trials are highly deferential to trial court outcomes
(Primus, 2007). Second, appellate courts often find that no reversible error was committed during the trial court proceedings. Given the information provided, which of the following statements is true? A. The rules of appeals are designed not to disturb the results of a criminal trial unless a serious, reversible error has occurred. B. The rules of appeals are designed not to disturb the results of a criminal trial unless any error has occurred. C. The rules of appeals are designed not to disturb the results of a criminal trial unless no error has occurred. D. The rules of appeals are designed to disturb the results of a criminal trial.
Which of the following is commonly used to refer to the number of crimes that are committed, but which never come to official attention?
a. the hidden crime rate b. the dark figure of crime c. unknown deviance d. the indexed crimes
Joey McGrady was driving under the influence of alcohol when he lost control and collided with Melissa Jacobs's car. Melissa was 35 weeks pregnant at the time of the accident
After the accident, Melissa gave birth to a baby boy, Seth, who lived only 11 hours before dying from injuries he sustained in the car crash. The prosecutor charged Joey with vehicular homicide for Seth's death. Joey argues that Seth was not "alive" at the time of the accident so he cannot be charged with homicide. Can Joey be charged with vehicular homicide? Why or why not?
The key feature of an experimental design that distinguishes it from a quasi-experimental design is the:
a. Longitudinal measurement of the dependent variable b. Random assignment to two or more groups c. Comparison of the dependent variable before and after the independent variable d. Elimination of error due to chance