Theophylline, a methylxanthine like caffeine, is used to treat asthma. Explain the mechanism by which a methylxanthine can alleviate asthma symptoms resulting from bronchial constriction
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Methylxanthines are cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PD) inhibitors. cAMP phosphodiesterase converts the cAMP second messenger to the inactive AMP form. By inhibiting this activity, methylxanthines raise cAMP concentrations by prolonging the existence of cAMP. cAMP stimulates PKA to phosphorylate proteins that promote bronchial smooth muscle relaxation leading to bronchodilation, thereby counteracting asthma-induced bronchoconstriction.
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In geological terms, a sudden, violent application of extreme pressure can be detected by the presence of ____
a. sand b. zircon c. lead d. carbon e. tektite
It is difficult to decide whether many behaviors should be considered abnormal behaviors or just
variants. Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The form of infection with Entamoeba histolytica that is frequently asymptomatic is known as (extraintestinal/dysentery/luminal) amebiasis
What will be an ideal response?
Group B Streptococcus is most likely to cause bacterial meningitis in which of the following age groups?
A) older adults B) newborns C) infants and children D) adolescents and young adults E) It infects all age groups equally.