Mr. Johnson wants a hyperactive boy to be able to sit quietly for at least 15 minutes at a time. To do this, he begins praising the boy for sitting still for one minute, then for two minutes, and then only for four minutes, and so on. Mr. Johnson's strategy reflects which one of the following concepts?
a. Shaping
b. Generalization
c. Discrimination learning
d. Intermittent reinforcement
a
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Which of the following are arguments for using social interaction as a learning mechanism?
a. It encourages students to verbalize their thoughts. b. It allows students opportunities to share their thoughts with others. c. It provides opportunities for students to compare their ideas to their peers. d. All of the above.
Which of the following describes instructional models?
a. Instructional models provide step-by-step instructions to follow with precision, so that teachers do not need to worry about the larger theory-based methods or approaches involved. b. Instructional models are sophisticated, research-based, and developed structures for learning experiences. c. Instructional models are practice-orientated and are not grounded in research-based theory. d. Instructional models focus learner attention on basic steps and do not involve cognitive, psychomotor, or affective learning.
Melanie Rowe has as a grading system 94-100 = A; 85-93 = B; 75-84 = C; and 65-74 = D. She assigns grades to her tests based on that system. Janet Rogers creates a frequency distribution on each of her tests, looks for places where the scores tend to cluster, and assigns grades on that basis. Neither teacher determines in advance how many A's, B's, C's, etc. will be given. Which of the following
is the most accurate statement? a. Both teachers' systems are criterion referenced. b. Both teachers' systems are norm referenced. c. Melanie's system is criterion referenced, and Janet's system is a modification of norm referencing. d. Melanie's system is norm-referenced, and Janet's is a modification of norm referencing.
In the political arena generated by distributive policies
a. "gift" recipients focus on the government, not on each other. b. the conflict between participants is very ideological. c. coalitions form quickly and fall apart quickly. d. none of the above.