Which of these studies is an experimental study rather than a correlational one?
(a) the study in the three Canadian towns with a diminished number of sports
activities as the number of channels went from 0 to 1 to 4
(b) the study by McIntyre and Teevan that showed the correlation between
viewing and violence in 2300 adolescents to be about .20
(c) the study conducted in the U.S., Finland, and Poland that correlated self-
reports with aggression
(d) Robinson and Bachman's study with extreme groups that found a 50%
difference in the number of fights
(e) none of the above
C
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Which factor is related to the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis in women?
A. cessation of exercise B. increased carbohydrate intake C. drug therapy D. bone marrow replacement therapy
Arguing in favor of behavior modification, Bandura said it:
a. is the only effective way to resolve unconscious conflicts. b. actually increases personal freedom. c. enables a person to live with behavior problems. d. is only effective when a client awareness is limited.
An experimenter conducts an experiment on the effects of a drug to control hallucinations. The experimenter declares the results to be "statistically significant," which means that
a. even though appropriate statistics were used, no differences could be detected between the experimental and control groups. b. the results have important implications for theory or practice. c. differences of this size between the experimental and control groups would occur by chance only five times out of 100 (or less). d. differences between the experimental and control groups were so large they could never occur by chance alone.
To determine the effect of counseling on the self-esteem of divorced women, a researcher measures the self-esteem of a group of women before and after they have received counseling and compares the before and after measurements. What type of design does this study represent?
a. pretest-posttest control group design b. posttest only control group design c. one-group pretest-posttest design d. nonequivalent control group design