Chad is 3 years old. When he goes to the store with his mommy to buy his daddy a birthday present, he insists on buying his daddy a toy truck. This is an example of ______
a. ethnocentrism c. egocentrism
b. conservation d. anthropomorphism
c
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Most psychologists define learning as
a. any change in behavior. b. any change in behavior due to maturation. c. any change in behavior due to experience. d. a relatively permanent change in behavior due to natural development. e. a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
Suppose that you hear a lecture about memory improvement, and the speaker says, "We must remember the value of desirable difficulties." The speaker is likely to emphasize that
a. academic tests must be difficult enough to differentiate between the students who deserve A's and the students who deserve lower grades. b. professors who want to assess their academic programs must be sure that the courses are sufficiently difficult. c. students' motivation will be higher if they are allowed to select the appropriate level of difficulty for the material in a course they are taking. d. if students test themselves several minutes after learning some material, they will make more errors, which will encourage them to spend more time studying.
Lincoln conducted a successful experiment on modeling (i.e., social learning or copying) and helping behavior among American high school students. He then replicated this same experiment (using exactly the same independent and dependent variables) in a sample of Japanese senior citizens. Lincoln probably hoped that his replication study would reduce concerns about:
A) artifacts B) linguistic biases C) confounds D) demand characteristics
To compensate for her age-related language production losses, Beth is likely to display
A) fewer word repetitions. B) slightly more hesitations. C) more well-organized statements. D) fewer sentence fragments.