______ includes offenses such as public drunkenness, vagrancy, loitering, panhandling, graffiti, and urinating and sleeping in public.
a. Public exposure
b. Public indecency
c. Private indecency
d. Status offense
b. Public indecency
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Labeling theory is closely associated with the work of:
A) Erving Goffman. B) Marvin Wolfgang. C) Edwin Lemert. D) Edwin Sutherland.
Which one of the following is not one of the paradoxes between the expectation and practice of personal loyalty to superiors, as discussed by Souryal and Diamond?
a. There is no mention of loyalty in agency rules and regulations. b. Superiors often demand loyalty when the agency is under attack, but not when the agency is stable. c. Personal loyalty to superiors ignores the fact that some superiors are not worthy of loyalty. d. Loyalty is returned by all superiors even though it is not required.
The Convention on Cybercrime, ratified by the U.S. Senate in 2006, was the first international treaty to address the definition and enforcement of cybercrime.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The ______ refers to a salient political issue that will demonstrate whether a candidate for office leans far enough conservative or liberal to please his or her constituency.
A. smart-on-crime strategy B. litmus test C. realignment test D. tough-on-crime strategy