When planning care for the patient with end-stage COPD, the nurse takes into consideration that the patient is at high risk for:
A) type I respiratory failure.
B) type II respiratory failure.
C) Pulmonary edema.
D) ARDS.
B) type II respiratory failure.
Explanation: A) Individuals with end-stage COPD are at high risk for type II respiratory failure. Damage to bronchioles increases the disruption of airflow, and hypoxemia occurs because of low alveolar ventilation that is uneven throughout the lung fields, resulting in V-Q mismatch. Type II respiratory failure can develop or worsen, as hypercapnia can increase rapidly with exacerbations.
B) Individuals with end-stage COPD are at high risk for type II respiratory failure. Damage to bronchioles increases the disruption of airflow, and hypoxemia occurs because of low alveolar ventilation that is uneven throughout the lung fields, resulting in V-Q mismatch. Type II respiratory failure can develop or worsen, as hypercapnia can increase rapidly with exacerbations.
C) Individuals with end-stage COPD are at high risk for type II respiratory failure. Damage to bronchioles increases the disruption of airflow, and hypoxemia occurs because of low alveolar ventilation that is uneven throughout the lung fields, resulting in V-Q mismatch. Type II respiratory failure can develop or worsen, as hypercapnia can increase rapidly with exacerbations.
D) Individuals with end-stage COPD are at high risk for type II respiratory failure. Damage to bronchioles increases the disruption of airflow, and hypoxemia occurs because of low alveolar ventilation that is uneven throughout the lung fields, resulting in V-Q mismatch. Type II respiratory failure can develop or worsen, as hypercapnia can increase rapidly with exacerbations.
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