Which of the following examples illustrates socially-mediated negative reinforcement:
a. Alice scratches her arm to alleviate an itch.
b. Marge closes her eyes when the wind picks up on the beach to avoid getting sand in her eyes.
c. Sandy asks her mother for help washing the dishes to reduce the amount of time she has to spend in the kitchen doing chores.
d. Paul uses the remote control to mute the television during commercials to avoid listening to the commercial hype.
C
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The process in which adults react to infants cooing and the infant continues cooing in a give-and-take manner is:
a. facilitative learning b. contingent stimulation c. transactional awareness d. mutual unresponsiveness
When reprimanding adolescents, Tierno (1991) suggests the following
a. Because adolescents are more concerned about their peers, reprimanding them publicly may result in open defiance so close reprimand are preferable b. Adolescents respond well to threats c. Adolescents shouldn't be reprimanded or corrected d. Adolescents are more likely to respond to corrections or reprimands if given so their peers can hear.
Benjamin is very smart in school. However, he has difficulty using his knowledge when he encounters problems outside school. Benjamin has a problem with which of the following?
a. automaticity b. heuristics c. transfer d. functional fixedness
The math error pattern known as incorrect algorithm occurs when a student _____
a. has not gained proficiency in the steps that are to be followed when completing an operation. b. completes the steps of a problem in the wrong direction. c. performs the correct operation but uses an incorrect math fact. d. mixes up the place value, writing a number in the wrong column.