How does airflow aloft contribute to the development of mid-latitude cycles and anticyclones?
For mid-latitude cycles to maintain themselves or intensify, the winds aloft must blow in such a way that zones of converging and diverging air form. For example, surface winds converge about the center of the low; while aloft, directly above the low, the winds are diverging. For the surface low to develop into a major storm system, upper-level divergence of air must be greater than surface convergence of air; that is, more air must be removed above the storm than is brought in at the surface. When this phenomenon happens, surface air pressure decreases, and we say that the system is intensifying or deepening.
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