Identify the structures of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Explain how these regions of the brain differ in terms of general function.
What will be an ideal response?
The forebrain includes the cortex (the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes) as well as the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. The midbrain includes the superior and inferior colliculi, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area. The hindbrain is at the bottom of the brain and includes the cerebellum, the reticular formation (part of which is considered to be in the midbrain), the medulla, and the pons. Forebrain areas such as the lobes of the cortex are involved in complex behaviors such as face recognition and language, as well as high-level sensory processing. Midbrain areas are involved in lower-level sensory processing, movement, and motivated behaviors. Hindbrain areas control many basic, life-sustaining functions, such as sleep, arousal, respiration, movement, and attention. As you move from the hindbrain to midbrain to forebrain, the function of brain structures becomes more complex and less limited to behaviors that are required for sustaining life.
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