A heart failure client has gotten confused and took too many of his "water pills" (diuretics). On admission, his serum potassium level was 2.6 mEq/L. Of the following assessments, which correlate to this hypokalemia finding? Select all that apply

Question

A) Polyuria
B) Constipation
C) Bradycardia
D) Paresthesia with numbness of the lips/mouth
E) ECG showing short runs of ventricular fibrillation

Answer 1

Ans: A, B, D
Feedback:
The manifestations of hypokalemia include alterations in neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular function. There are numerous signs and symptoms associated with gastrointestinal function, including anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Atony of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle can cause constipation, abdominal distention, and, in severe hypokalemia, paralytic ileus. Urine output and plasma osmolality are increased; urine specific gravity is decreased; and complaints of polyuria, nocturia, and thirst are common. The most serious effects of hypokalemia are on the heart. The first symptom associated with hyperkalemia typically is paresthesia (a feeling of numbness and tingling). Hyperkalemia results in prolongation of the PR interval; widening of the QRS complex with no change in its configuration; and decreased amplitude, widening, and eventual disappearance of the P wave. The heart rate may be slow. Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest are terminal events.