A 2-year-old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was impaired, and the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause?
a. Karyorrhexis
b. Coagulative necrosis
c. Ammonia accumulation
d. Caseous necrosis
ANS: B
Coagulative necrosis occurs primarily in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands and commonly results from hypoxia. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation of the nucleus into smaller particles or "nuclear dust." Ammonia accumulation is not associated with this toxicity. Caseous necrosis re-sults from tuberculosis pulmonary infection.
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