Which of the following is an example of an experimental manipulation for the level of phone use among participants?
A. A researcher asks participants to report how often they use a phone, and then uses that data to group participants into groups of low or high phone users.
B. A researcher has participants talk to a confederate who interviews them over the phone for either 5 or 20 min.
C. A researcher observes participants for 1 day and records the length of time participants spend talking on the phone.
D. A researcher recruits participants to take an online survey of their phone use and habits.
Answer: B
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