Bacterial capsules are (antiphagocytic/cytotoxic/exotoxic) virulence factors
What will be an ideal response?
antiphagocytic
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Choose the true statements about the evolution of complex characters, such as powered flight.
_____ Phylogenetic analysis using cladistics can help reveal the sequence leading to the evolution of a complex character. _____ Usually a single mutation in one gene leads to the simultaneous appearance of the complex character. _____ Often the initial stage in the evolution of a complex character was an adaptation to some unrelated selection pressure. _____ The intermediate stages in the evolution of a complex character had no fitness advantage.
Polar molecules that associate readily with carbon dioxide are hydrophilic
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Four of the five answers listed below are
related by a common phase of mitosis. Select the EXCEPTION.
a. beginning of microtubule assembly outside the nucleus b. division of centromeres c. disappearance of nucleolus d. disappearance of nuclear membrane e. shortening and condensation of chromosomes make them more visible
In a biological reaction, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, a substance that resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase
Increasing the amount of succinate molecules to those of malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect if malonic acid. Select the correct identification of the molecules described in the reaction. A) Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate in the reaction. B) Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and malonic acid is the substrate in the reaction. C) Succinate is the substrate, and fumarate is the product in the reaction. D) Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor in the reaction.