What are the two main types of mycorrhizae, and how do they differ? List three ways in which mycorrhizal
associations are beneficial to plants. What will be an ideal response?
Endomycorrhizae extend through the cell walls of root cells but do not penetrate the
cytoplasm. Ectomycorrhizae coat the plant root but not the root cells.
Mycorrhizae are beneficial to plants because they:1.
decompose organic material in the soil and increase the surface area of a plant’s roots so
that the plant can absorb more water and nutrients
2. connect plants, allowing nutrients to flow between them
3. release chemicals that protect the plant against herbivores and pathogens
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____ are cells of the adaptive immune system that can activate B cells by binding to MHC class II protein–antigen complexes
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.
Which of the following sigma factors is essential for general transcription in exponentially growing cells?
A. ?28 B. ?32 C. ?38 D. ?54 E. ?70
The cecum is
a. the first part of the large intestine. b. connects to the rectum. c. between the stomach and the small intestine. d. a producer of enzymes for digestion in the small intestine. e. more than one of these
The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called
A. endocytosis. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. active transport. E. facilitated diffusion.