Gina likes to upset Tim by scratching her fingernails against the chalkboard as she enters their classroom. Now, whenever Gina enters a classroom that Tim is in, he
automatically tenses up because he expects her to scratch the chalkboard. This explanation of Tim's behavior is consistent with
a. the informational view.
b. the interactionism theory.
c. the law of effect.
d. shaping.
ANSWER: a
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