During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:a
are transferred to the electron transport chain.
b. are transferred to an organic molecule.
c. are transferred to O2.
d. are used to make CO2.
e. are used to form H2O.
b
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Which of the following statements is false regarding amphibolic pathways?
A. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is used as a precursor for amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate synthesis. B. Glucose is broken down in glycolysis; however, not all of the intermediates in the pathway are utilized as an energy source. Many leave the pathway to serve as precursors for complex molecules. C. Metabolic pathways are amphibolic, that is, catabolism and anabolism are intertwined in order to conserve energy in the cell. D. All organisms use metabolic pathways to synthesize the 20 amino acids necessary for protein synthesis using precursors from catabolic processes. E. Glucose is broken down during glycolysis to pyruvate; however, when glucose is in short supply, pyruvate is used as a precursor in the process of gluconeogenesis.
Antibodies and killer T cells recognize HIV or HIV-infected cells by binding to short pieces of viral proteins displayed on the virus or the infected host cell. These short pieces of viral proteins are called ________
A) coat proteins B) virosomes C) proteosomes D) epitopes E) episomes
Sometimes people misunderstand evolution and state that "man comes from monkeys." A more accurate explanation of human evolution would be
A. humans and monkeys are biologically identical. B. humans and monkeys share a common ancestor. C. evolution leads toward more perfect forms and humans therefore came after modern monkeys. D. monkeys have evolved less than humans.
Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein?
A) a particular amino acid sequence B) an alpha helix C) a globular shape D) the joining of two polypeptide chains