In which case did the Supreme Court hold that an illegally -conducted lineup does not invalidate later identifications resulting from an ?independent source??
A) Gideon v. Wainwright
B) Mapp v. Ohio
C) United States v. Wade
D) Miranda v. Arizona
E) None of the above
C
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Before evidence may be admitted, the "special balancing test" administered with respect to FRE 609 requires that the trial judge must find that:
A. a previous conviction that involves dishonesty or false statements is substantially more probative than prejudicial against the defendant. B. the probative value of a previous conviction is less than the prejudicial effect to the accused. C. the evidentiary value of a previous conviction is greater than the prejudicial effect to the accused. D. the prejudicial effect of any evidence of prior convictions is greater than its evidentiary value.
Much like evidence-based policing, hot-spots policing reflects the direct application of empirical data (through various crime analysis and information technologies) that show that crime is randomly dispersed and not concentrated in isolated areas
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following involves judgments made about communications because of the sender's traits or qualities?
A) perceptual problems B) value judgments C) Semantic problems D) stereotyping
Truth-in-sentencing laws require offenders to serve at least _________ of the original sentence length before becoming eligible for release
a. 95% b. 85% c. 75% d. 55%