Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine?
a. Site of production
b. Vascular effect
c. Chemotactic ability
d. Time of release
ANS: D
Leukotrienes are released slower and longer than histamine. Both leukotrienes and histamine are produced by mast cells, and they have similar vascular effects and chemotactic abilities.
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A pregnant patient in the second trimester is in the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash. She has a severe laceration of her arm resulting in a large blood loss. Which assessment should the nurse perform first?
A. Blood pressure B. Fetal heart tones C. Pulse D. Respiratory rate
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with chronic pain. The nurse is especially concerned about the patient's self-concept because chronic pain does which of the following?
a. Normally has no effect on the ability to function once patients learn to deal with it b. Can often cause increased irritability that can affect self-concept c. Often leads to increased sleep as patients try to "escape" the pain d. Requires pain medication that prevents self-concept alterations
What cause of nipple discharge is the most likely in her circumstance?
A 72-year-old retired saleswoman comes to your office, complaining of a bloody discharge from her left breast for 3 months. She denies any trauma to her breast. Her past medical history includes high blood pressure and abdominal surgery for colon cancer. Her aunt died of ovarian cancer and her father died of colon cancer. Her mother died of a stroke. The patient denies tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. She is a widow and has three healthy children. On examination her breasts are symmetric, with no skin changes. You are able to express bloody discharge from her left nipple. You feel no discrete masses, but her left axilla has a hard, 1-cm fixed node. The remainder of her heart, lung, abdominal, and pelvic examinations are unremarkable. A) Benign breast abnormality B) Breast cancer C) Galactorrhea
Which of the following makes it easy to palpate a full bladder on infants and children?
a. Their skin is thinner than adults' skin. b. Their bladders can be filled fuller than adults' bladders. c. Their bladders are closer to the anterior abdominal wall. d. The bladder is oversized at birth.