Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be _____
A) based on classical conditioning
B) deeply rooted in the innate unconscious of infants
C) based on the principle of observational learning
D) based on instinctive drift
Answer: A
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Approximately what percentage of 12th graders appear to be abusing one or more of the following – cigarettes, marijuana, and/or alcohol?
a. 20-25% b. 15-19% c. 12-14% d. 6-8%
A woman tells a humanistic psychotherapist that she wants to leave an unhappy relationship, but that she can't. The therapist will probably set as a goal that the woman comes to understand that
A. she must live in the "here and now." B. there is a good part to everyone, even the man she is having trouble with now. C. she should take responsibility for her choice to stay in or leave the relationship. D. when she gets in touch with who she really is and drops her defenses, many of her relationship problems will also end.
Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when
a. they are selected to participate in an experiment from a sample which is representative of the larger population. b. they each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control group. c. they are assigned to experimental and control groups based on critical personal differences they possess. d. neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subject is in the experimental or control group.
Dr. Preemie is conducting a research study of the prevalence and correlates of drug use in college students. Because of the sensitive nature of the research topic, Dr. Preemie promises her participants confidentiality. Each college student who participates completes a set of surveys and an interview about his or her lifestyle and drug use habits. One participant, Carrie, reveals that she engages in moderate to heavy drug use (i.e., drinks two to four alcoholic beverages each day, and smokes marijuana several times per week). During the interview, Carrie mentions that she's feeling nauseous. Concerned, Dr. Preemie asks, "Do you want to stop the interview and go to the campus medical center?" "No," Carrie replies, "It's just morning sickness. I'm pregnant." "Oh," says Dr. Preemie, who nods,
and continues with the interview.Afterward, in her office, Dr. Preemie is torn and wonders to herself, "I'm worried about Carrie. Drugs and alcohol disrupt prenatal development, but I promised confidentiality. I can't tell anyone about this! Should I say something to Carrie? I'm supposed to be nonjudgmental! Intervening might keep other students from participating in my research, for fear that I'd break my promises. I don't know what to do."Consider Dr. Preemie's dueling obligations. As a researcher, is she is responsible to Carrie as a participant in her study? Is Dr. Preemie responsible to the developing fetus? Her institution? Do Dr. Preemie's actions have any ramifications for the other participants in her study? How might these responsibilities conflict? What will be an ideal response?