Provide evidence for the negative effects of stress and cortisol on the brain. What brain area is particularly vulnerable?
What will be an ideal response?
There is some evidence that the damage is caused by cortisol; implanting cortisol pellets in monkeys' brains damaged their hippocampi, and elderly humans who had elevated cortisol levels over a five-year period had an average 14% decrease in hippocampal volume.
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According to Carl Jung, which element would be missing from the collective unconscious?
A. Archetypes B. Core desires and needs shared by all humans C. Themes or images seen in every culture's songs, stories, dreams, and folklore D. Individual self-esteem and self-worth
Fluid intelligence is to crystallized intelligence as
a. declines throughout adulthood is to improves throughout adulthood. b. stays the same in adulthood is to declines throughout adulthood. c. improves throughout adulthood is to stays the same in adulthood. d. improves throughout adulthood is to declines throughout adulthood.
Regarding consciousness, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Waking consciousness changes regularly throughout the day, ranging from focused awareness to divided consciousness to drifting consciousness. b. Research on multitasking generally supports the common perception that "to do two things at once is to do neither.". c. Negative ways of thinking act like mental filters in one's consciousness that can skew how a person interprets and reacts to events in their lives. d. Drifting consciousness often leads to daydreaming. e. Since altered states of consciousness are produced by taking drugs, people should avoid attempting to change their states of consciousness.
The most recent research evidence suggests that the relationship between the brain (structure, function, neurotransmitters) and psychosocial factors (socialization, rearing, life events) is best described as a. a system where the brain directly influences behavior and psychosocial factors but not the other way around. b. an interaction where the brain affects psychosocial factors and vice
versa. c. a system where behavior and psychosocial factors impact the brain but not the other way around. d. far too complex to ever understand how one system influences the other.