Explain the concepts of predictive bias, differential validity, and single-group validity. Give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
• Predictive bias occurs when the predictions made about a criterion score based on a test score are different for subsets of test takers (e.g., minority vs. majority, men vs. women).
• Predictive bias is indicated when a test has different validity coefficients for different groups. For example, a test may be a better predictor for women than for men or for Blacks than for Whites.
• When a test yields significantly different validity coefficients for subgroups, we say it has differential validity.
• When a test is valid for one group but not for another group (e.g., valid for Whites but not for Blacks), it has single-group validity.
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