Control balance theory was proposed by
a. Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi.
b. Charles R. Tittle.
c. Robert Burgess and Ronald Akers.
d. Howard Kaplan.
Answer: B
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Among the forms of policing in Europe existing prior to the formation of the London Metropolitan Police included which of the following?
a. Constables. b. Sheriffs. c. Vigiles. d. All of the above e. a and c only
The ________ system was a congregate-style system developed in the nineteenth century in New York and was based on the concepts of group work during the day and separation at night
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Most life course theories posit that the seeds of a criminal career are planted:
A) ?during young adulthood (20s). B) ?at any time during the life course. C) ?late in life. D) ?early in life.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. A potentially hazardous and relatively neglected area of criminal justice research has been the primary use of historical and archival data. 2. Another important method of analyzing existing data is through content analysis, the systematic analysis and selective classification of the contents of mass communication. 3. The term ‘meta-methods’ was coined by Glass (1976) and refers to quantitative analysis that reviews, combines, and summarizes the results of many different studies dealing with the same research question. 4. Surveillance is a strategy of data collection in which the investigator attempts to examine the activity of subjects while keeping her or his presence either secret or to a minimum, so as not to interfere. 5. Masked observation involves any type of research in which the researcher hides his or her presence or purpose for interacting with a group.