What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity?
A) It enables a rapid defense against an antigen that has been previously encountered.
B) It enables an animal to counter most pathogens almost instantly the first time they are encountered.
C) It results in effector cells with specificity for a large number of antigens.
D) It allows for the destruction of antibodies.
A
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Plaque is _____ caused by _____
a. an infectious disease; bacterial biofilms d. a non-infectious disease; E. coli b. a non-infectious disease; inflammation of the gums e. an infectious disease; E. coli c. an infectious disease; non-pathogenic bacteria
Which enzyme is used by RNA viruses to directly replicate the viral RNA genome?
A. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase B. Reverse transciptase C. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase D. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms present in CO2 end up _____.
a. as molecular oxygen and water b. in sugar molecules and carbon dioxide c. in water and carbon dioxide d. as molecular oxygen and in sugar molecules e. in sugar molecules and in water
Which of the following occurs during initiation of translation?
A. The ribosome moves down one codon so that the A site is available to receive an incoming tRNA. B. One of the three stop codons is reached. C. The ribosome dissociates into its two subunits and falls off the mRNA. D. The mRNA binds to the smaller of the two ribosomal subunits. E. The polypeptide lengthens one amino acid at a time.