When one observes a similarity between all instances of a phenomenon, that have been observed so far, and, on that basis, generalizes from that to all possible future instances, one is generalizing on the basis of _______.
a. induction by empiricist expansion
b. induction by simple enumeration
c. deductive generalization
d. warranted deduction
Answer: b. induction by simple enumeration
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The advice to "sleep on it" would relate to which stage of creative thinking?
a. verification b. illumination c. incubation d. preparation
A completely randomized design is:
a. a between-subjects design. b. a within-subjects design. c. a correlational design. d. highly susceptible to low interrater reliability.
In the famous experiment with chemotherapy patients and taste aversion, children formed an aversion to Mapletoff ice cream that then prevented them from forming a taste aversion to their normal diet. This is an example of
a) cue-to-consequence learning. b) blocking. c) natural conditioning. d) contrapreparedness.
Some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks do not emerge spontaneously but, rather, are
A) heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions. B) primarily developed through interaction with more expert peers. C) part of a slow but steady stagewise transition to logical thought. D) influenced by biological age and are mastered all at once.