A 77-year-old client being treated for glaucoma asks the nurse what causes glaucoma. The nurse bases the response on the knowledge that the increase in intraocular pressure is a result of:
a. a breakdown in the absorption process
b. spasms of the orbicular muscle.
c. changes to the suspensory ligaments, ciliary muscles, and parasympathetic nerves.
d. bits of broken coalesced vitreous from the peripheral or central part of the retina.
ANS: A
Glaucoma is caused by a decrease in the efficiency of the absorptive process of intraocular fluid that accompanies aging and may lead to eventual breakdown in the absorptive process, which can lead to increased intraocular pressure and the development of glaucoma. Spasms of the orbicular muscle can cause the lower lid to turn inward. If it stays this way, it is called entropion. The changes described contribute to decreased accommodation. Bits of coalesced vitreous that have broken off from the peripheral or central part of the retina is the definition of floaters.
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