List at least four types of thinking errors
What will be an ideal response?
Beck identifies a number of thinking errors including (1) arbitrary inference (drawing conclusions without supportive evidence), (2) selective abstraction (focusing on a detail that ignores the more important big picture), (3) overgeneralization (drawing sweeping conclusions based on limited information), (4) dichotomous thinking (thinking in black or white terms rather than shades of gray), (5) magnification and minimization (exaggerating small events or trivializing big events), and (6) personalization (taking responsibility for events that are not under one's control).
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At 18 months Jarrod realizes that he can ask his mother to give him a cookie, and that his mother will behave under her own power to respond to his request, this is when Jarrod comes to see his mother as a(n) __________.
A. legitimate parent B. compliant agent C. social reference D. reluctant agent
Williams and Ceci (2015) sought to determine if gender biases exist in academic hiring practices. They studied almost 1,000 professors in a mock hiring situation in which each professor read the files of several job applicants and then rank-ordered the applicants in terms of most-to-least qualified. What the professors did not know was that the gender of the job applicants was randomly assigned
to the professors. That is, if one professor read that job applicant A was a woman, another professor read that the same job applicant A was a man. As a result, an average rating of each applicant could be compared when that applicant was presented as a male and as a female. In this study, what is the dependent variable? A) the number of professors B) the rank order C) the gender of the applicants D) the number of applicants
Last year, Bill came down with the flu the night after eating clam chowder soup. For several weeks, he couldn't think about clam chowder soup without feeling nauseated. Bill experienced:
a. taste-aversion learning c. systematic desensitization b. trial learning d. discrimination
During the fetal period, many organs and structures are already formed. This explains why
a. growth of the body slows down during fetal development. b. the fetus becomes less susceptible to damaging environmental influences. c. the fetus becomes more susceptible to damaging environmental influences. d. the embryo is less susceptible than the fetus to damaging effects of teratogens.