A nursing instructor is explaining the difference between illusion and hallucination. Which examples provided by students in the class indicate an illusion? (Select all that apply.)
a. A car backfiring being perceived as gun-fire
b. The television news being perceived as someone talking to you
c. Hearing God's voice directing you to drive your car off the road
d. Seeing your dead spouse smile at you from a flower
e. A spot on the wall being perceived as a spider
A, B, E
An illusion has an external stimulus that causes an erroneous translation. Anyone, even a person with intact sensorium, can have an illusion. An example of an illusion is seeing water on the highway, which is really only heat waves. A hallucination has no external stimulus. An example of a hallucination is a person with alcoholism seeing spiders crawling on the ceiling.
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