An individual experiences sadness and melancholia in September continuing through November. Which of the following factors should a nurse identify as most likely to contribute to the etiology of these symptoms? Select all that apply
A. Gender differences in social opportunities that occur with age
B. Drastic temperature and barometric pressure changes
C. Increased levels of melatonin
D. Variations in serotonergic functioning
E. Inaccessibility of resources for dealing with life stressors
ANS: B, C, D
The nurse should identify drastic temperature and barometric pressure changes, increased levels of melatonin, and/or variations in serotonergic functioning as contributing to the etiology of the client's symptoms. A number of studies have examined seasonal patterns associated with mood disorders and have revealed two prevalent periods of seasonal involvement: spring (March, April, May) and fall (September, October, November).
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