Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of early instinct theories?
a. arbitrary lists of instincts do not help us understand behaviors
b. scientists do not agree on how many types of instincts exist
c. behaviors are responses to both internal and external stimuli
d. the idea that behavior may come from genetic programs
d
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Regarding cross-cultural research on visual perception, which of the following has been found?
a. Westerners and East Asians both tend to focus more on categorization than on contextual information in their visual processing. b. Westerners and East Asians both tend to focus more on contextual information than on categorization in their visual processing. c. Westerners tend to focus more on categorization in their visual processing, whereas East Asians tend to focus more on contextual information. d. East Asians tend to focus more on categorization in their visual processing, whereas Westerners tend to focus more on contextual information. e. Both East Asians and Westerners demonstrate a pattern of balancing categorization with context in their visual processing.
Whenever Tommy has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Tommy asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Tommy only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the babysitter at bed time is referred to as a(n) __________ for asking to stay up late:
a. stimulus class b. S-delta c. reinforcer d. discriminative stimulus
A major difference between stage 1 and stage 2 of moral development is that stage 2 focuses on:
A. punishment B. reward C. avoiding being caught D. making a good bargain
Which one of the following outcomes indicates that a test item should be retained in a test?
a. High performers answered the item correctly and low performers answered the item incorrectly. b. High performers answered the item correctly and low performers answered the item correctly. c. High performers answered the item incorrectly and low performers answered the item correctly. d. High performers answered the item incorrectly and low performers answered the item incorrectly.