Explain why information flow in a hierarchical bureaucracy may be distorted.
What will be an ideal response?
Distortion may occur through random error or from selective distortion, as when officials at each stage of message transmission attempt to transmit only the information that they believe their superiors wish to hear or that they think will make them look good to their superiors. In turn, superiors may attempt to estimate the distortion of their subordinates and try to correct for it.
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The political theorist Hannah Arendt has described bureaucracy as "rule by nobody."
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Consuela believes that she is the wicked stepmother and her daughter Carmella believes she is Cinderella. If they had been diagnosed using the DSM-IV-TR, the condition would have been called ________. This diagnosis was removed from DSM-5 and was added as a specifier to delusional disorder.
a. schizoaffective disorder. b. shizotypal disorder. c. schizophreniform disorder. d. folie a deux.
How did James Madison propose to overcome the problem of factions in Federalist No. 10?
a. by adopting a system of direct democracy. b. by banning the formation of interest groups c. by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public d. by expanding their sphere of participation
The concept of separation of powers was included in the Constitution to prevent
A. disputes between the federal and state governments. B. the imposition of export taxes. C. a major dispute over power between the House and the Senate. D. disputes over power between Congress and the president. E. tyranny by either the majority or the minority.