Children identified as "bloomers" in their classrooms may show elevated IQs not because of their own intelligence but because of
a. demand characteristics.
b. confirmation bias.
c. experimenter expectancy effects.
d. the Flynn effect.
Answer: c. experimenter expectancy effects.
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Messages are more credible when they
a. reflect the interests of the communicator. b. go against the interests of the communicator. c. are irrelevant to the interests of the communicator. d. are not accompanied by relevant counter-arguments. e. are not often repeated.
Which of the following is a key component to the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) for preterm infants?
A) exposing the infants to specific patterns of visual and auditory stimuli to promote brain development B) placing infants into a simulated womb, complete with placenta and amniotic fluid C) recreating the birthing experience at what would have been 37 weeks of gestation if the infant had been carried to full term D) minimizing exposure to light and sounds that can over-stimulate the developing brain
When older adults experience a decline in the sense of taste and smell they tend to ______.
A. seek satisfaction through added salt and sugar B. take medications to renew their sense of taste C. stop eating because nothing tastes good D. seek out foods with bitter odors
The use of some form of concealment is characteristic of __________ observations
a. unethical b. nonreactive c. participant d. reactive