____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.

Oscar Lewis's idea that some poor people develop a separate and self-perpetuating system of attitudes and behaviors that keeps them trapped in poverty is known as

a. the system of checks and balances. b. the cultural explanation of negative framing. c. the cultural explanation of capital. d. the culture of poverty hypothesis.

Unlike social scientists, biologists focus on the role of _____ in human development.

A. heredity B. socialization C. learning D. assimilation E. environment

If we break the word feminism down to its roots, femme and ism, what does it literally mean?

A. In favor of women B. Superiority of women C. A political position about women D. A cultural position about women E. Equality for women

According to the text, liberal critics of affirmative action are most likely to focus on the programs' failure to change the:

A. lives of people for whom affirmative action policies were originally designed. B. reliance on unfair quotas. C. perception that affirmative action is demeaning to those it is supposed to help. D. perception that Blacks are lazy.